notes
Main point summary
Peter encourages his readers to rejoice in suffering since a time of rejoicing in glory is coming, that the Spirit of God rests on them and it is for God's glory. This time of suffering is God's judgment on His house.
Arc
editing
NT
1 Peter 4:12-19
na28
nasb
schl
Ἀγαπητοί, μὴ ξενίζεσθε τῇ ἐν ὑμῖν πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ
a Beloved, do not be surprised at the b fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing,
Geliebte, lasset euch die unter euch entstandene Feuerprobe nicht befremden,
ὡς ξένου ὑμῖν συμβαίνοντος,
as though some strange thing were happening to you;
als widerführe euch etwas Fremdartiges;
comparison
ἀλλὰ καθὸ κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
but to the degree that you a share the sufferings of Christ,
sondern je mehr ihr der Leiden Christi teilhaftig seid,
χαίρετε,
keep on rejoicing,
freuet euch,
situationresponse
negativepositive
ἵνα καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ
so that also at the b revelation of His glory
damit ihr auch bei der Offenbarung seiner Herrlichkeit
χαρῆτε ἀγαλλιώμενοι.
c you may rejoice with exultation.
frohlocken könnt.
temporal
actionpurpose
εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ,
If you are reviled 1 a f or the name of Christ,
Selig seid ihr, wenn ihr um des Namens Christi willen geschmäht werdet!
μακάριοι,
b you are blessed,
Selig seid ihr
conditional
ὅτι τὸ τῆς δόξης καὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἀναπαύεται.
c because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.
Denn der Geist der Herrlichkeit und Gottes ruht auf euch; bei ihnen ist er verlästert, bei euch aber gepriesen.
ground
μὴ γάρ τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεὺς ἢ κλέπτης ἢ κακοποιὸς ἢ ὡς ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος•
Make sure that a none of you suffers as a murderer, or thief, or evildoer, or a 1 b troublesome meddler;
Niemand aber unter euch leide als Mörder oder Dieb oder Übeltäter, oder weil er sich in fremde Dinge mischt;
εἰ δὲ ὡς Χριστιανός,
but if anyone suffers as a a Christian,
leidet er aber als Christ,
μὴ αἰσχυνέσθω,
he is not to be ashamed,
so schäme er sich nicht, verherrliche
δοξαζέτω δὲ τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ μέρει τούτῳ.
but is to b glorify God in this name.
aber Gott mit diesem Namen!
series
ὅτι [ὁ] καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ•
For it is time for judgment a to begin 1 with b the household of God;
Denn es ist Zeit, daß das Gericht anfange am Hause Gottes;
εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφʼ ἡμῶν,
and if it c begins with us first,
wenn aber zuerst bei uns,
τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ;
what will be the outcome for those d who do not obey the e gospel of God?
wie wird das Ende derer sein, die sich von dem Evangelium Gottes nicht überzeugen lassen?
καὶ εἰ ὁ δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται,
a And if it is with difficulty that the righteous is saved ,
Und wenn der Gerechte kaum gerettet wird,
ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται;
1 what will become of the b godless man and the sinner ?
wo will der Gottlose und Sünder erscheinen?
ideaexplanation
ὥστε καὶ οἱ πάσχοντες κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ πιστῷ κτίστῃ παρατιθέσθωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐν ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ.
Therefore , those also who suffer according to a the will of God shall entrust their souls to a faithful Creator in doing what is right.
So mögen denn die, welche nach Gottes Willen leiden, dem treuen Schöpfer ihre Seelen anbefehlen und dabei tun, was recht ist.
inference
First class conditional assumed to be true from the author's perspective.
First class conditional assumed to be true from the author's perspective.
First class conditional assumed to be true from the author's perspective.
First class conditional assumed to be true from the author's perspective.
Rhetorical question: Those who do not obey the gospel will be throughly judged.
Rhetorical question: The godless man and sinner shall not be saved.
Why does rejoicing now in suffering enable us to rejoice at "the revelation of His glory"?
What is the "revelation of His glory"?
What is "testing"?
When discussing suffering, God first addresses us as "beloved".
The phrase "die euch zur Prüfung geschieht" is missing.
Why does the Spirit of glory and of God rest on us if we are reviled for the name of Christ?
What is the "Spirit of glory"?
What does the time for judgment have to do with glorifying God in suffering?
What is this judgment that now is beginning?
Why must the judgment start with the house of God?
If judgment is to start with the house of God why should we entrust our souls to God in suffering?
I see here a further explanation of the suffering. It is God's "judgment" of his house. This is a judgment to purify His body.
Rejoice in suffering in order that we may rejoice at Christ's coming.
The Spirit of God rests on us when we are persecuted for Christ's sake.
Suffering is His judgment of His house - it is His will and we should entrust our souls to Him.
We are to glorify God when we suffer for His name's sake.
na28
discourse
Phrase
1 Peter 4:12-19
Rejoice! A Time of Rejoicing in Glory is Coming
Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing,
as though some strange thing were happening to you;
but to the degree that you share the sufferings of Christ,
keep on rejoicing,
so that also at the revelation of His glory
you may rejoice with exultation.
Rejoice! The Spirit of God Rests on You
If you are reviled for the name of Christ,
you are blessed,
because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.
Rejoice! It Is for His Glory
Make sure that none of you suffers as a murderer, or thief, or evildoer, or a troublesome meddler;
but if anyone suffers as a Christian,
he is not to be ashamed,
but is to glorify God in this name.
Suffering Is His Judgment of His House
For it is time for judgment to begin with the household of God;
and if it begins with us first,
what will be the outcome for those who do not obey the gospel of God?
And if it is with difficulty that the righteous is saved,
what will become of the godless man and the sinner?
Therefore, those also who suffer according to the will of God shall entrust their souls to a faithful Creator in doing what is right.
phrasing
Phrase Greek
1 Peter 4:12-19
na28
Ἀγαπητοί, μὴ ξενίζεσθε τῇ ἐν ὑμῖν πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ ὡς ξένου ὑμῖν συμβαίνοντος,
Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though some strange thing were happening to you;
Geliebte, lasset euch die unter euch entstandene Feuerprobe nicht befremden, als widerführe euch etwas Fremdartiges;
ἀλλὰ καθὸ κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
but to the degree that you share the sufferings of Christ, keep on rejoicing, so that also at the revelation of His glory you may rejoice with exultation.
sondern je mehr ihr der Leiden Christi teilhaftig seid, freuet euch, damit ihr auch bei der Offenbarung seiner Herrlichkeit frohlocken könnt.
χαίρετε,
ἵνα καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ χαρῆτε ἀγαλλιώμενοι.
εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ,
If you are reviled for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.
Selig seid ihr, wenn ihr um des Namens Christi willen geschmäht werdet! Denn der Geist der Herrlichkeit und Gottes ruht auf euch; bei ihnen ist er verlästert, bei euch aber gepriesen.
μακάριοι,
ὅτι τὸ τῆς δόξης καὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἀναπαύεται.
μὴ γάρ τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεὺς ἢ κλέπτης ἢ κακοποιὸς ἢ ὡς ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος•
Make sure that none of you suffers as a murderer, or thief, or evildoer, or a troublesome meddler;
Niemand aber unter euch leide als Mörder oder Dieb oder Übeltäter, oder weil er sich in fremde Dinge mischt;
εἰ δὲ ὡς Χριστιανός,
but if anyone suffers as a Christian, he is not to be ashamed, but is to glorify God in this name.
leidet er aber als Christ, so schäme er sich nicht, verherrliche aber Gott mit diesem Namen!
μὴ αἰσχυνέσθω,
δοξαζέτω δὲ τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ μέρει τούτῳ.
ὅτι [ὁ] καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ•
For it is time for judgment to begin with the household of God; and if it begins with us first, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey the gospel of God?
Denn es ist Zeit, daß das Gericht anfange am Hause Gottes; wenn aber zuerst bei uns, wie wird das Ende derer sein, die sich von dem Evangelium Gottes nicht überzeugen lassen?
εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφʼ ἡμῶν,
τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ;
καὶ εἰ ὁ δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται,
And if it is with difficulty that the righteous is saved, what will become of the godless man and the sinner?
Und wenn der Gerechte kaum gerettet wird, wo will der Gottlose und Sünder erscheinen?
ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται;
ὥστε καὶ οἱ πάσχοντες κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ πιστῷ κτίστῃ παρατιθέσθωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐν ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ.
Therefore, those also who suffer according to the will of God shall entrust their souls to a faithful Creator in doing what is right.
So mögen denn die, welche nach Gottes Willen leiden, dem treuen Schöpfer ihre Seelen anbefehlen und dabei tun, was recht ist.
Ἀγαπητοί, μὴ ξενίζεσθε τῇ ἐν ὑμῖν πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ ὡς ξένου ὑμῖν συμβαίνοντος,
ἀλλὰ καθὸ κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν χαίρετε, ἵνα καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ χαρῆτε ἀγαλλιώμενοι.
εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ, μακάριοι, ὅτι τὸ τῆς δόξης καὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἀναπαύεται.
μὴ γάρ τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεὺς ἢ κλέπτης ἢ κακοποιὸς ἢ ὡς ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος•
εἰ δὲ ὡς Χριστιανός, μὴ αἰσχυνέσθω, δοξαζέτω δὲ τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ μέρει τούτῳ.
ὅτι [ὁ] καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ• εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφʼ ἡμῶν, τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ;
καὶ εἰ ὁ δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται, ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται;
ὥστε καὶ οἱ πάσχοντες κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ πιστῷ κτίστῃ παρατιθέσθωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐν ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ.
Diagram
scripturetext
components
1 Peter 4:12-19
na28
table
Ἀγαπητοί
solid
drop
revrocket
equal
line
text
rocketship
pred
cword
vertical
subjectverb
ξενίζεσθε
μὴ
indirectobj
pstack
τῇ
πυρώσει
prepphrase
ἐν
ὑμῖν
participle
γινομένῃ
πρὸς
πειρασμὸν
ὑμῖν
ξένου
συμβαίνοντος
ὑμῖν
ὡς
χαίρετε
obtuse
κοινωνεῖτε
directobject
τοῖς
παθήμασιν
τοῦ
Χριστοῦ
καθὸ
χαρῆτε
ἐν
τῇ
ἀποκαλύψει
καὶ
τῆς
δόξης
αὐτοῦ
ἀγαλλιώμενοι
ἵνα
ἀλλὰ
v13b
v13a
v13c
predicate
μακάριοι
ὀνειδίζεσθε
ἐν
ὀνόματι
Χριστοῦ
εἰ
τὸ
τὸ
πνεῦμα
ἀναπαύεται
τῆς
δόξης
τοῦ
θεοῦ
καὶ
ἐφʼ
ὑμᾶς
ὅτι
v14a
v14c
v14b
γάρ
πασχέτω
μὴ
φονεὺς
ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος
κλέπτης
κακοποιὸς
ἢ
ἢ
ἢ
ὡς
ὡς
τις
ὑμῶν
δὲ
smartline
dashed
free
linemid
ttext
δοξαζέτω
αἰσχυνέσθω
μὴ
τὸν
θεὸν
ἐν
τῷ
μέρει
τούτῳ
δὲ
Χριστιανός
ὡς
[ὁ]
καιρὸς
τοῦ
quoteshelf
infinitive
ἄρξασθαι
τὸ
κρίμα
ἀπὸ
τοῦ
οἴκου
τοῦ
θεοῦ
ὅτι
εἰ
v16a
v16b
v16c
τί
τὸ
τέλος
τῶν
ἀπειθούντων
τῷ
εὐαγγελίῳ
τοῦ
θεοῦ
πρῶτον
ἀφʼ
ἡμῶν
εἰ
δὲ
v17a
v17b
v17c
φανεῖται
ποῦ
ὁ
ἀσεβὴς
ἁμαρτωλὸς
καὶ
ὁ
δίκαιος
σῴζεται
μόλις
εἰ
καὶ
v18a
v18b
ὥστε
οἱ
παρατιθέσθωσαν
πάσχοντες
κατὰ
τὸ
θέλημα
τοῦ
θεοῦ
κτίστῃ
πιστῷ
τὰς
ψυχὰς
αὐτῶν
ἐν
ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ
Genitive absolute
Taking the dative as object.
Taking the dative as object.
diagram
Notes
Questions What is "testing" in v12a? The Greek word can mean either a test or a temptation. Here the implication is that God is allowing the suffering to test us. Note James makes it clear that God does not tempt us (Jam 1:13). God testing someone: Heb 11:17, God allowing us to be tempted but providing a way of escape: 1 Cor 10:13, Jesus testing His disciples: Jn 6:6. Why does rejoicing now in suffering enable us to rejoice at "the revelation of His glory"? 1) It reveals our faith, showing we are trusting in Jesus and so we pass the "test" and enter into His kingdom on the last day (1 Peter 1:6-7). Noter another view is that of Jesus: We rejoice because we know that our reward in heaven is great (Mt 5:11-12). What is the "revelation of His glory"? This is when Christ returns (1 Pet 1:7; 5:1) Why does the Spirit of glory and of God rest on us if we are reviled for the name of Christ? What is the "Spirit of glory"? This is identical with the Spirit of God. NET translates this "the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God". Other possibility is "God's glorious Spirit". What does the time for judgment have to do with glorifying God in suffering? Peter is stating that the suffering his readers are now experiencing are part of the coming judgment of God. Judgment here means testing or proving. In this case, the judgment of believers is to purify them. What is this judgment that now is beginning? It is a proving and purifying of the believers. The idea that God's judgment starts with his own people is found elsewhere in the Bible (Jer 25.29; Ezek 9.6; Isa 10.12). Why must the judgment start with the house of God? God is interested in having a pure bride. So He works now to cleanse us. If judgment is to start with the house of God why should we entrust our souls to God in suffering? The purpose of this judgment is to purify us. The way to pass this "test" is to cling to God. This is entrusting our souls to Him.