John 20.19-31

Jesus Appears to the Disciples 19 c On the evening d of that day, the first day of the week, e the doors being locked where the disciples were f for fear of the Jews, 1 Jesus came and stood among them and said to them, g “Peace be with you.” 20 When he had said this, h he showed them his hands and his side. Then i the disciples were glad when they saw the Lord. 21 Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. As j the Father has sent me, k even so I am sending you.” 22 And when he had said this, he l breathed on them and said to them, m “Receive the Holy Spirit. 23 n If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you withhold forgiveness from any, it is withheld.” Jesus and Thomas 24 Now o Thomas, one of the Twelve, called the Twin, 1 was not with them when Jesus came. 25 So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord.” But he said to them, p “Unless I see in his hands the mark of the nails, and place my finger into the mark of the nails, and place my hand into his side, I will never believe.” 26 Eight days later, his disciples were inside again, and Thomas was with them. q Although the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, q “Peace be with you.” 27 Then he said to Thomas, r “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand, and place it in my side. Do not disbelieve, but believe.” 28 Thomas answered him, s “My Lord and my God!” 29 Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen me? t Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.” The Purpose of This Book 30 u Now Jesus did many other signs v in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 w but these are written so that you may x believe that Jesus is the Christ, y the Son of God, and that by believing z you may have life a in his name.

John 20:19-31

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19 Οὔσης οὖν ὀψίας τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων καὶ τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς• εἰρήνη ὑμῖν. 20 καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔδειξεν τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῖς. ἐχάρησαν οὖν οἱ μαθηταὶ ἰδόντες τὸν κύριον. 21 εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς [ὁ Ἰησοῦς] πάλιν• εἰρήνη ὑμῖν• καθὼς ἀπέσταλκέν με ὁ πατήρ, κἀγὼ πέμπω ὑμᾶς. 22 καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἐνεφύσησεν καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς• λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον• 23 ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀφέωνται αὐτοῖς, ἄν τινων κρατῆτε κεκράτηνται. 24 Θωμᾶς δὲ εἷς ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα, ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος, οὐκ ἦν μετʼ αὐτῶν ὅτε ἦλθεν Ἰησοῦς. 25 ἔλεγον οὖν αὐτῷ οἱ ἄλλοι μαθηταί• ἑωράκαμεν τὸν κύριον. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς• ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω μου τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω. 26 Καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέρας ὀκτὼ πάλιν ἦσαν ἔσω οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Θωμᾶς μετʼ αὐτῶν. ἔρχεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ εἶπεν• εἰρήνη ὑμῖν. 27 εἶτα λέγει τῷ Θωμᾷ• φέρε τὸν δάκτυλόν σου ὧδε καὶ ἴδε τὰς χεῖράς μου καὶ φέρε τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ βάλε εἰς τὴν πλευράν μου, καὶ μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός. 28 ἀπεκρίθη Θωμᾶς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ• ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου. 29 λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς• ὅτι ἑώρακάς με πεπίστευκας; μακάριοι οἱ μὴ ἰδόντες καὶ πιστεύσαντες. 30 Πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα σημεῖα ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐνώπιον τῶν μαθητῶν [αὐτοῦ], ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ• 31 ταῦτα δὲ γέγραπται ἵνα πιστεύ[ς]ητε ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἵνα πιστεύοντες ζωὴν ἔχητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ.

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Notes

'Peace be with you' Intro Recap last week - the empty tomb and appearance to Mary. Today's passage is on the evening of that same day (v19), and then a week later (v26), both Sundays. Repetition of 'peace be with you'. 1. The risen Lord Jesus sends his disciples (v19-23) Doors are locked but Jesus' resurrected body is not limited (cf the graveclothes). 'Peace be with you' repeated. v22 Jesus 'breathed out' ('on them' is not in the greek). This is a symbolic anticipation of what he will give at pentecost. Even within John's gospel, according to his own promise of what the Spirit will give and do (chapters 14-16), the Spirit clearly has not yet been given in the remainder of John's gospel. This is similar to comments like 'the hour has come', when strictly speaking it hasn't quite come. Or footwashing saying to love 'as I have loved you' - when it is the cross which is clearly in view, though it hasn't happened quite yet. v23 is John's statement of the 'great commission'. Where the gospel (of forgiveness) is shared/preached, forgiveness is given. Where it is not, it is withheld. Thus NB connection between the giving of the Spirit and the sending into the world (Jesus has already taught his disciples that he has taken them out of the world). 2. Do not disbelieve, but believe (v24-31) v24-25 we shouldn't understand Thomas as some super-rationalist. Rather, he earlier was willing to die with Jesus (John 11.16). His whole life and world has been shattered by the crucifixion of Jesus and he is fearful of believing. v26 eight days later, on inclusive counting (as was the way), gives the following Sunday. 'Peace be with you' again. v27 Jesus' resurrected body is physical, and bears continuity to his pre-resurrection body. v28 the confession which the whole book has been moving towards: My Lord and my God! v29 blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed (cf 1 Peter 1.3-9). v30-31 the whole book has been compiled and organised so that we might believe - know God as he truly is. Only particular 'signs' have been told in John. v31 the question John answers is not so much 'who is Jesus'? But, 'who is the Christ?' This is written that we might know that the Christ is Jesus, the Son of God. By believing have 'life' - the knowledge of God the Father and Jesus his son (cf John 17.3). Wrap up: Peace be with you. Jesus' resurrection gives and brings peace.

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